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Showing posts from August, 2025

Role of Ocean Heat Content in the Rapid Intensification of Cyclone Amphan (2020) over the Bay of Bengal

Role of Ocean Heat Content in the Rapid Intensification of Cyclone Amphan (2020) over the Bay of Bengal Author:Kritajno Bhattacharya Abstract   A major forecasting challenge in the North Indian Ocean is the rapid intensification (RI) of tropical cyclones, especially in the Bay of Bengal, where coastal communities are extremely vulnerable. The main indicator of cyclone intensification has historically been sea surface temperature (SST). Since it captures the total thermal energy available for cyclone growth outside of the surface layer, subsurface ocean heat content (OHC) has lately been acknowledged as a more accurate metric. This study examines how OHC contributed to Super Cyclonic Storm Amphan's (2020) quick intensification over the Bay of Bengal.We'll examine the atmospheric and oceanic factors that contributed to Amphan's abrupt intensification using Tropical Cyclone Heat Potential datasets, in-situ Argo float observations, and best-track records from the India Meteorol...

West Bengal Weather Daily Bulletin — August 30th, 2025

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INDIAN WEATHER DESK DAILY DISTRICT WEATHER BULLETIN – WEST BENGAL Date of Issue: 30.08.2025 (0500 IST) Valid for 24 hours: 30.08.2025 (05:30 IST) to 31.08.2025 (05:30 IST) SYNOPTIC OVERVIEW A well-marked low-pressure area is expected to form over the northwest Bay of Bengal off the Odisha–West Bengal coasts around this time. Light to moderate rainfall is likely over most parts of West Bengal, with active monsoon conditions continuing to prevail. SOUTH BENGAL CLUSTER (Kolkata, Howrah, Hooghly, North & South 24-Parganas, East & West Midnapore, Jhargram, Bankura, Birbhum) Weather: Light to moderate rain or thundershowers very likely at many places across South Bengal. Thunderstorms with lightning and gusty winds (30–40 km/h) are very likely at one or two places—particularly over North & South 24-Parganas, East & West Midnapore, and Jhargram. Impacts : Chances of localized waterlogging in low-lying urban and rural areas. Reduced visibility possibly affecting traffic and out...

West Bengal Weather Daily Bulletin — August 29th, 2025

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INDIAN WEATHER DESK DAILY DISTRICT WEATHER BULLETIN – WEST BENGAL Date of Issue: 29.08.2025 (0500 IST) Valid for 24 hours: 29.08.2025 (05:30 IST) to 30.08.2025 (05:30 IST) SYNOPTIC OVERVIEW A well-marked low-pressure area persists over the northwest Bay of Bengal off the Odisha–West Bengal coast, with cyclonic circulation extending up to approximately 7.6 km above mean sea level . SOUTH BENGAL CLUSTER (Kolkata, Howrah, Hooghly, North & South 24 Parganas, East & West Midnapore, Jhargram, Bankura, Birbhum) Weather: Light to moderate rain or thundershowers very likely at most places, with thunderstorms, lightning, and gusty winds (30–40 km/h) very likely at one or two places across all districts of South Bengal . Impacts : Potential for waterlogging in low-lying areas and urban centers. Reduced visibility and possible traffic disruptions. Risk of lightning-related incidents. Advisory : Avoid open areas such as under trees and power lines during storms. Exercise caution while trave...

West Bengal Weather Daily Bulletin — August 28th, 2025

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INDIAN WEATHER DESK DAILY DISTRICT WEATHER BULLETIN – WEST BENGAL Date of Issue: 28.08.2025 (0500 IST) Valid for 24 hours: 28.08.2025 (05:30 IST) to 29.08.2025 (05:30 IST) SYNOPTIC OVERVIEW A well-marked low-pressure area persists over the northwest Bay of Bengal off the Odisha coast, with cyclonic circulation extending up to 7.6 km above mean sea level. This system is expected to move west-northwestwards, continuing to influence moisture flow and weather activity across West Bengal. SOUTH BENGAL CLUSTER (Kolkata, Howrah, Hooghly, North & South 24-Parganas, East & West Midnapore, Jhargram, Bankura, Birbhum) Weather: Light to moderate rain or thundershowers very likely at many places, with thunderstorms, lightning, and gusty winds (30–40 km/h) very likely at one or two places. Impacts: Potential for localized waterlogging, reduced visibility, and lightning-related hazards. Advisory: Avoid open areas (like under trees or power lines) during thunderstorms and exercise caution when...

West Bengal Weather Daily Bulletin — August 27th, 2025

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INDIAN WEATHER DESK DAILY DISTRICT WEATHER BULLETIN – WEST BENGAL Date of Issue: 26.08.2025 (1300 IST) Valid for 24 hours: 27.08.2025 0530 IST to 28.08.2025 0530 IST SYNOPTIC OVERVIEW A low-pressure area persists over the northwest Bay of Bengal off the Odisha–West Bengal coast, with an associated cyclonic circulation extending up to 7.6 km above mean sea level. It is expected to move west-northwestwards and strengthen over the next two days. Weather conditions across West Bengal remain under its influence, bringing intermittent rainfall and thunderstorm activity. SOUTH BENGAL CLUSTER (Includes: Kolkata, Howrah, Hooghly, North & South 24-Parganas, East & West Midnapore, Nadia, Purulia, Bankura, Jhargram) Weather: Light to moderate rain or thunderstorms at a few places across the region. Thunderstorms accompanied by lightning and gusty winds (30–40 km/h) are very likely at one or two places, particularly in North & South 24-Parganas, Howrah, Nadia, and East & West Midnap...

West Bengal Weather Daily Bulletin — August 26th, 2025

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INDIAN WEATHER DESK DAILY DISTRICT WEATHER BULLETIN – WEST BENGAL Date of Issue: 26.08.2025 (1200 IST) Valid for 24 hours: 26.08.2025 0530 IST to 27.08.2025 0530 IST SYNOPTIC OVERVIEW As of 26.08.2025, the monsoon trough remains active and close to West Bengal. A cyclonic circulation persists over Bangladesh and adjoining Gangetic West Bengal, enhancing moisture inflow from the Bay of Bengal. As a result, widespread rainfall with heavy to very heavy spells is likely across several districts. IMD has issued Orange Alerts for northern districts due to the risk of flooding and landslides. SOUTH BENGAL CLUSTER (Kolkata, Howrah, Hooghly, North & South 24-Parganas) Weather: Moderate to heavy rain with thunderstorms, especially during afternoon and evening hours. Impacts: Waterlogging in Salt Lake, Alipore, Behala, and Dum Dum likely. Advisory: Residents should avoid unnecessary outdoor movement during thunderstorm activity. CENTRAL & WESTERN DISTRICTS (East & West Medinipur, Bank...

West Bengal Weather Daily Bulletin — August 25th, 2025

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INDIAN WEATHER DESK DAILY DISTRICT WEATHER BULLETIN – WEST BENGAL Date of Issue: 24.08.2025 (1200 IST) Valid for 24 hours: 25.08.2025 0530 IST to 26.08.2025 0530 IST SYNOPTIC OVERVIEW As of 21 August 2025, meteorological data indicates the likely formation of a low-pressure area over the northwest Bay of Bengal off the Odisha–West Bengal coast around 25 August . Under its influence, light to moderate rain/thundershowers are very likely over South Bengal, while fairly widespread to widespread light to moderate rain is expected across North Bengal during this period . SOUTH BENGAL CLUSTER (Kolkata, Howrah, Hooghly, North & South 24-Parganas, East & West Medinipur, Bankura, Birbhum, Purulia, West Burdwan, Jhargram) Weather: Light to moderate rain or thundershowers likely at many places. Thunderstorms, lightning, and gusty winds (30–40 km/h) expected at some locations . Impacts: Potential for localized waterlogging, reduced visibility, traffic disruptions, minor crop or horticultur...

West Bengal Weather Daily Bulletin — August 24th, 2025

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INDIAN WEATHER DESK DAILY DISTRICT WEATHER BULLETIN – WEST BENGAL Date of Issue: 24.08.2025 (1200 IST) Valid for 24 hours: 24.08.2025 0530 IST to 25.08.2025 0530 IST  SYNOPTIC OVERVIEW As of 23.08.2025, a low-pressure area persists over the northwest Bay of Bengal, extending its influence across Gangetic West Bengal. This system continues to draw significant moisture into the region, leading to widespread rainfall and thunderstorm activities. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has issued a Yellow Alert for heavy rainfall across West Bengal, with the possibility of isolated very heavy rainfall in certain districts.     SOUTH BENGAL CLUSTER (Kolkata, Howrah, Hooghly, North & South 24-Parganas) Weather: Moderate to heavy rainfall throughout the day, with thunderstorms likely between 11:00 AM and 3:00 PM.  Impacts: Possible waterlogging in low-lying areas such as Salt Lake, Dum Dum, and Behala.  Advisory: Residents are advised to stay indoors durin...

West Bengal Weather Daily Bulletin — August 23rd, 2025

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INDIAN WEATHER DESK DAILY DISTRICT WEATHER BULLETIN – WEST BENGAL Date of Issue: 22.08.2025 (1200 IST) Valid for 24 hours: 23.08.2025 0530 IST to 24.08.2025 0530 IST   SYNOPTIC OVERVIEW As of 22.08.2025, a low-pressure area persists over the northwest Bay of Bengal, extending its influence across Gangetic West Bengal. This system continues to draw significant moisture into the region, leading to widespread rainfall and thunderstorm activities. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has issued a Yellow Alert for heavy rainfall across West Bengal, with the possibility of isolated very heavy rainfall in certain districts.     SOUTH BENGAL CLUSTER (Kolkata, Howrah, Hooghly, North & South 24-Parganas) Weather: Moderate to heavy rainfall throughout the day, with thunderstorms likely between 11:00 AM and 3:00 PM.  Impacts: Possible waterlogging in low-lying areas such as Salt Lake, Dum Dum, and Behala.  Advisory: Residents are advised to stay indoors duri...

West Bengal Weather Daily Bulletin — August 18th, 2025

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INDIAN WEATHER DESK DAILY DISTRICT WEATHER BULLETIN – WEST BENGAL Date of Issue: 17.08.2025 (1200 IST) Valid for 24 hours: 18.08.2025 0530 IST to 19.08.2025 0530 IST   SYNOPTIC OVERVIEW As of 17.08.2025, a low-pressure area has formed over the northwest and adjoining areas of West Central Bay of Bengal and the South Odisha–North Andhra Pradesh coasts. This system is expected to move west-northwestwards and concentrate into a depression within the next 24 hours. The associated cyclonic circulation extends up to 9.6 km above mean sea level, tilting southwestwards with height.   The monsoon trough at mean sea level now passes through Jaisalmer, Udaipur, Ratlam, the center of the low-pressure area over Vidarbha and its neighborhood, Jagdalpur, and thence east-southeastwards to the east-central Bay of Bengal.     SOUTH BENGAL CLUSTER (Kolkata, Howrah, Hooghly, North & South 24-Parganas) Weather: Cloudy with morning showers; light rain likely in the afterno...

West Bengal Weather Daily Bulletin — August 17th, 2025

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DAILY DISTRICT WEATHER BULLETIN – WEST BENGAL Date of Issue: 17.08.2025 (1200 IST) Valid for 24 hours: 18.08.2025 0530 IST to 19.08.2025 0530 IST SYNOPTIC OVERVIEW As of 17.08.2025, a low-pressure area has formed over the northwest and adjoining areas of West Central Bay of Bengal and the South Odisha–North Andhra Pradesh coasts. This system is expected to move west-northwestwards and concentrate into a depression within the next 24 hours. The associated cyclonic circulation extends up to 9.6 km above mean sea level, tilting southwestwards with height.   The monsoon trough at mean sea level now passes through Jaisalmer, Udaipur, Ratlam, the center of the low-pressure area over Vidarbha and its neighborhood, Jagdalpur, and thence east-southeastwards to the east-central Bay of Bengal.   SOUTH BENGAL CLUSTER (Kolkata, Howrah, Hooghly, North & South 24-Parganas) Weather: Light to moderate rainfall with thunderstorms likely.  Impacts: Possible waterlogging in l...

West Bengal Weather Daily Bulletin — August 11th, 2025

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                                            INDIAN WEATHER DESK DAILY DISTRICT WEATHER BULLETIN – WEST BENGAL Date of Issue: 10.08.2025 (1200 IST) Valid for 24 hours: 11.08.2025 0530 IST to 12.08.2025 0530 IST SYNOPTIC OVERVIEW As of 10.08.2025, a monsoon trough continues to extend across eastern India, including Gangetic West Bengal. This persistent system is drawing significant moisture into the region, leading to widespread rainfall and thunderstorm activities. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has issued a Yellow Alert for heavy rainfall across West Bengal, with the possibility of isolated very heavy rainfall in certain districts.   SOUTH BENGAL CLUSTER (Kolkata, Howrah, Hooghly, North & South 24-Parganas) Weather: Moderate to heavy rainfall throughout the day, with thunderstorms likely between 11:00 AM and 3:00 PM. Impacts: Possible waterlogging in l...

West Bengal daily weather bulletin — August 3rd, 2025

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                                            INDIAN WEATHER DESK  DAILY DISTRICT WEATHER BULLETIN – WEST BENGAL Date of Issue: 03.08.2025 (1200 IST) Valid for 24 hours: 03.08.2025 0530 IST to 04.08.2025 0530 IST SYNOPTIC OVERVIEW (Valid as of 03.08.2025, 12:00 IST) A cyclonic circulation persists over the northwest Bay of Bengal, extending inland across Gangetic West Bengal. The monsoon trough remains active over eastern India and is drawing heavy moisture into the region. According to IMD’s national bulletin, Sub‑Himalayan West Bengal is expected to receive “extremely heavy rainfall on 2nd & 3rd August. SOUTH BENGAL CLUSTER (Kolkata, Howrah, Hooghly, North & South 24‑Parganas) Expect moderate to heavy rainfall throughout the day; Kolkata may see persistent showers in the late morning and a brief breakup in the afternoon (as shown in the hourly widget above). Thunder...

West Bengal weather forecast — August 2nd, 2025

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                                            INDIA WEATHER DESK DAILY DISTRICT WEATHER BULLETIN – WEST BENGAL Date of Issue: 01.08.2025 (1700 IST) Valid for 24 hours: 02.08.2025 0530 IST to 03.08.2025 0530 IST SYNOPTIC SITUATION (as of 01.08.2025, 2200 IST): The monsoon trough at mean sea level continues to run close to its normal position and is passing through Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, and Gangetic West Bengal. A cyclonic circulation lies over coastal Odisha and adjoining northwest Bay of Bengal extending up to mid-tropospheric levels. Moisture incursion from the Bay of Bengal is strong over southern parts of West Bengal due to southwesterly winds. No significant low-pressure area has formed in the Bay of Bengal, but model guidance indicates possible consolidation of cyclonic circulation over north Bay in the next 3–4 days. DISTRICT-WISE WEATHER FORECAST FOR 02.08.2...

The Role of Atmospheric Gravity Waves in Global Climate Dynamics and Extreme Weather Events

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The Role of Atmospheric Gravity Waves in Global Climate Dynamics and Extreme Weather Events Written by: Kritajno Bhattacharya Abstract Atmospheric gravity waves are an essential yet often overlooked component of Earth's weather and climate system. These waves, generated by disturbances such as mountains, thunderstorms, and jet streams, play a critical role in transferring energy and momentum across different layers of the atmosphere. Their influence extends from local weather patterns to global climate regulation. This paper explores how atmospheric gravity waves affect phenomena such as monsoons, sudden stratospheric warmings, the polar vortex, and extreme weather events. The paper also discusses how improving our understanding and modeling of these waves can enhance climate predictions and disaster preparedness  1. Introduction to Gravity Waves Atmospheric gravity waves are oscillations within the Earth's atmosphere that occur when air is displaced from a state of...

West Bengal Weather Forecast – August 1, 2025

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West Bengal Weather Forecast – August 1, 2025 Date:- August 1st 2025 Time of Issue: 23:30 IST 31st July Issued by:- Kritajno Bhattacharya  Synoptic Situation : Monsoon flow remains active over Gangetic West Bengal with moderate moisture incursion from the Bay of Bengal. Conditions are favourable for development of isolated thunderstorm cells, especially over South Bengal districts during late afternoon to evening hours. District-wise Forecast for 01.08.2025 (Valid for 24 Hours) South Bengal : Kolkata, Howrah, Hooghly, North & South 24 Parganas: Weather: Scattered moderate to heavy rain/thundershowers likely, particularly between 1600 and 2000 hours IST. Max Temp: 31–32°C | Min Temp: 26°C Wind: Light to moderate southwesterly, gusty during thunderstorm activity. Warning: Possibility of temporary waterlogging in urban low-lying areas. East & West Medinipur: Weather: Light to moderate rain very likely. Isolated pockets may receive brief heavy spells. Max Temp: 32–33°C | Min Te...